解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Heart valve prostheses carry a risk for thrombosis and require an antithrombotic strategy to prevent stroke, systemic embolism, and prosthetic valve thrombosis. Contemporary randomized trials to guide the clinician on the optimal anticoagulant treatment are scarce, and the validity of the historical data for current r...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3182638578
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin have traditionally been the major therapeutic option for anticoagulation in clinical practice. VKAs are effective and extensively recommended for the prevention of venous and arterial thromboembolism in cardiovascular disease. Despite its effectiveness, warfarin is limited...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3182503e2d
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is becoming an increasing concern for patients and clinicians alike as the use of radiation therapy for the treatment of certain malignancies increases, and patient mortality secondary to neoplasms of the thorax, in particular Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer, decreases. The ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3182431c23
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiac disease in endemic areas of Latin America. It is now being diagnosed in nonendemic areas because of immigration. Typical cardiac manifestations of Chagas disease include dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, arrhythm...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31823efde2
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is an uncommon form of arrhythmia characterized by an increased heart rate that is out of proportion to a normal physiologic demand. The etiology of IST remains ill-defined and controversial. Clinical presentation of IST is highly variable, from isolated to sustained palpitations,...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31822f0b3e
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has evolved at an unprecedented pace over the past decade, during which time it has proven to be an accurate and effective tool for imaging of the heart in a growing list of clinical applications. However, the rapid growth in the use of CT imaging in general has prompted...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31821daa8f
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a common syndrome with diverse etiologies and precipitating factors, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Tremendous resources are used in treating this syndrome, with few prospectively designed clinical trials to guide therapy. Patients suffering fr...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318214022b
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex mechanism of platelet activation creates an optimal target for pharmacological treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Current antiplatelet medications that are used in addition to aspirin include the thienopyridines, clopidogrel and prasugrel, but there are several limitations to the use of t...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3182099d86
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), characterized by diffuse intimal thickening and luminal narrowing in the arteries of the allograft, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplant recipients. Many transplant centers perform routine annual surveillance coronary angiography. However, angiogra...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181fbde2f
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relaxin, a naturally-occurring hormone in the insulin family, was discovered to have a physiologic role in pregnancy. Named initially for its relaxing effect on the pubic ligament, relaxin receptors have since been found to be widely distributed in many organs in both males and females. Acting through multiple pathway...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181f493e3
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF), a very common cardiac arrhythmia, is a well-recognized predisposing factor for embolic stroke. While warfarin remains the cornerstone of anticoagulant treatment in patients with AF, it is often underutilized because of increased bleeding complications and frequent monitoring requirements. It ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181e53abb
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recent advances in the management of chronic heart failure (CHF), the prognosis of many of these patients remains dire. The need for an accurate prognosis in these patients has led to the identification of several indicators purported to represent the impact of the disease. Such indicators often are obtained a...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181c4ae0c
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disabling chronic disorder of the pulmonary vasculature, which is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure as a result of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The pathology of PAH is characterized by pulmonary vascular vasoconstriction, smooth muscle cell prol...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181d4e921
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of new medicines to treat pulmonary vascular disease has renewed interest in the management of children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We now have a practical classification of pulmonary hypertension, improved diagnostic techniques, and internationally recognized diagnostic and manag...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181ce03df
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac rupture after a myocardial infarction is an uncommon event with devastating consequences. Although the clinical features of rupture have been described, the genetic and molecular influences on this outcome in patients are less certain. In mice, at least 17 genetic models have been developed that enhance or sup...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181bf4ab4
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a multifactorial disease with genetic risk factors and an immunologic component. Immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, B- and T- lymphocytes, along with vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts, produce cytokines and enzymes, promoting an inflammator...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181b04698
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor substance that also can exert proliferative, inflammatory, and fibrotic changes in blood vessels and other organs. It acts on tissues in a paracrine and autocrine fashion, with local production and regulation occurring in both endothelial and nonendothelial cells. Endothelin stim...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181aa8f4a
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature on the relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was systematically reviewed: 33 articles presented 51 analyses of studies involving male participants, 18 analyses involving female participants, and 8 analyses with both genders. Twenty of ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318198c8e9
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for dyslipidemia as a result of the disease itself and from certain classes of antiretroviral therapy. The protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors have been associated with elevated triglycerides, total, and low-den...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181903b7f
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of transmembrane molecules that have important functions in both innate and acquired immunity. As part of the body's normal immune defense against microbial pathogens, stimulation of these receptors will trigger the inflammatory response cascade and the release of cytokines. ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181709fd8
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia with significant morbidity and public health cost. Because of limitations of efficacy and safety of conventional antiarrhythmic agents, alternative therapies for AF are needed. The potential antiarrhythmic properties of lipid-altering therapy, including the 3-hyd...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e318177271d
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 60% of total mortality in 2002. There is evidence that race and ethnicity is a risk factor for atherothrombotic events. Blacks have a greater risk of complications from coronary heart disease and unstable angina, wi...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31815685fa
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in most developed countries of the world. Even though cardiovascular deaths of men in the United States have been declining, until recently the number of cardiovascular deaths in US women was on the rise, with 1 in 3 women dying from heart disease. Over the...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31815cb185
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly patients with valvular aortic stenosis have an increased prevalence of coronary risk factors, of coronary artery disease, and evidence of other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Statins may reduce the progression of aortic stenosis (AS). Angina pectoris, syncope or near syncope, and congestive heart failure a...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31805f6796
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocarditis represents a heterogeneous final common pathway for myocardial inflammation of diverse etiologies and accounts for up to one-third of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. The pathophysiology of viral myocarditis can be disaggregated into the effects of direct viral mediated injury, triggered acute and chronic ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CRD.0b013e31806450c4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a sequela of a number of disparate diseases, often with a fatal consequence. Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early event during the development of PAH. Impaired availability of bioactive nitric oxide (NO) is a key underlying feature in most forms of clinical and ex...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000249381.49138.b9
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute pericarditis (AP) is basically a clinical diagnosis. Although specific electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestations may indeed point to its diagnosis, sole reliance on such findings in isolation of the clinical setting, however, is often the common pitfall that could lead to a misguided diagnosis. We briefly review...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000210645.89717.34
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm from true aneurysm is sometimes difficult. Given the propensity for pseudoaneurysms to rupture leading to cardiac tamponade, shock, and death, compared with a more benign natural history for true aneurysms, accurate diagnosis of these conditions is clinically impo...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000233756.66532.45
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). It is defined hemodynamically by a mean PAP over 25 mm Hg, a pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of 15 mm Hg or les...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000240529.49704.2e
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the accuracy of computed tomographic measurements of main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAD) and of MPAD/ascending aorta diameter (AAD) in predicting moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension in 190 patients with acute pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary artery systolic pressure of > or = 50 mm Hg measured b...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000181619.87084.8b
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent articles have inquired about the quality of care for women presenting with cardiovascular disease. The Cooperative Cardiovascular Project and the National Heart Failure Project, 2 Medicare databases, provide national data to address concerns that women receive poorer quality care than men. In these databases, s...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000194093.53005.f0
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Underlying causes, risk factors, and precipitating causes of heart failure (HF) should be treated. Drugs known to precipitate or aggravate HF such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs should be stopped. Patients with HF and a low left ventricular ejection fraction (systolic heart failure) or normal ejection fraction...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000175289.87583.e5
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A decision-tree analysis was used to estimate the average cost per patient using the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban for early treatment (<48 hours after thrombocytopenia onset) compared with delayed treatment (> or =48 hours after thrombocytopenia onset) of immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000164011.17381.6f
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting of blood through a systemic to pulmonary circulation connection. Treatment requires either lung transplantation with intracardiac repair or heart-lung transplantation. There are inadequate data regarding treatmen...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000181618.29506.1e
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) utilization in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been studied since the early 1960s with varying results. It is well established that ischemic myocardial cells convert from aerobic metabolism of glucose to toxic anaerobic free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism for the pro...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000175287.38905.14
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of patients with coronary artery disease is a major challenge for physicians, patients, and the healthcare system. Chest pain experienced by patients with coronary disease can be of noncardiac origin, and symptoms frequently related to gastroesophageal etiologies. The distal esophagus and the heart share a ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000148844.13702.ce
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Valvular endocarditis after percutaneous coronary intervention is unusual. We report a new case of mitral valve endocarditis after stent implantation to a saphenous vein graft. ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000128842.48947.21
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of an ongoing educational program on the use of cardiovascular drugs in patients with coronary artery disease without contraindications to these drugs seen in an academic cardiology clinic was assessed in 100 patients seen during the 6-month period prior to the educational program and in 200 patients seen 9...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000131191.57664.e7
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (AICDs) were implanted in 378 men and 95 women, mean age 69 +/- 12 years. At 3.6-year follow up, survival was 76% in patients who had an AICD because of cardiac arrest as a result of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia not resulting from a transient or ...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000128728.49766.3f
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiologic effect of the sauna in human beings has been studied extensively, but only recently have there been studies to suggest sauna can be an effective therapeutic modality for patients with cardiovascular disease, especially for those with congestive heart failure. The data reported to date have been promisi...
journal_title:Cardiology in review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.crd.0000124844.56479.05
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00